Earth is truly an amazing and magnificent planet inhabited by many places and creatures which are still remain undiscovered. It has been around billions of years since human being has been living on earth. All across this great planet, new and spectacular species and locations are found more and more frequently and give us rare glances of the extreme habitats. Actually, most of our oceans have not even been explored yet. This is the reason why hundreds of new species are found when new depths are located. Rain forests also offer new animals and plants as often as they are explored more and more. Our earth is constantly changing, shifting and exposing new secrets for us to wonder at. Last year also, many new species of plants and animals were discovered. Some of those amazing species can be introduced here:
1. Oh Boy! Jellyfish
Credit: Ned Deloach
The striking beauty of the Bonaire banded box jellyfish contradicts its venomous sting. It was discovered in the waters off the island of Bonaire in the Dutch Caribbean. Over 300 entries were submitted in an online competition to name this new species. Hundreds of votes were casted to select ‘ohboy’ tag as the winner. This name was suggested by Lisa Peck, a high school biology teacher as she presumed that people may exclaim “Oh Boy!” whenever they first encounter this amazing jelly. It is one of a small group of possibly 50 box-jellyfish species.
2. Sneezin’ in the Rain
Credit: Thomas Geissmann/Fauna & Flora International
This new primate came to the attention of scientists while they were conducting a gibbon survey in the high mountains of Myanmar. Rhinopithecus strykeri is the first snub-nosed monkey to be reported from Myanmar. Also, it is believed to be critically endangered. It has mostly black fur and a white beard. The animal sneezes when it rains, even though it tries to avoid the dripping rainwater in its turned up nose by sitting with its head tucked between the knees. In the interview, hunters and villagers told the survey team of scientists that this snub-nosed monkey could be find by waiting until it rained and listening of sneezes on the trees. The species, shown here is a Photoshop reconstruction based on a Yunnan snub-nosed monkey and a corpse of the newly discovered species.
3. Hellish Hot
Credit: A. G. Borgonie, Ghent University, Belgium
These tiny nematodes are the deepest terrestrial multi-cellular organisms on the Earth. They are just 0.02 inches (0.5 millimeters) in length. This species remarkably survives immense underground pressure as well as temperatures (37o C / 98.6o F). It was found in a South African gold mine, at a depth of 1.3 km (8/10 mile). As per the authors, carbon dating indicated that the borehole water where this species was found had not been in contact with the earth’s atmosphere for the last 4,000 to 6,000 years. Its discovery in deep sub-surface of the earth is also significant as it may have important insinuations for the discovery of life at similar subterranean depths on the other planets.
4. Blue Tarantula
Credit: Rogério Bertani/ Instituto Butantan
This blue tarantula is not only breathtakingly beautiful, but it is also the first new animal species from Brazil which made it to the Top 10. Brazil is one of the most biologically diverse nations on the planet. The country has consistently been a major source of species discoveries including much of the Amazon basin, Atlantic forest, the savanna ecoregion Cerrado and the hotspots of Brazil’s tropical Andes. Due to the loss of habitat and over-collecting for the pet trade, survival of this species can be at risk. This species has been named Pterinopelma sazimai. Although it is not the first blue tarantula, it is one of the most striking and may be especially susceptible because of its limited distribution in an “ecological island”.
5. Night Stalker
Credit: Jaap Vermeulen
Bulbophyllum nocturnumis the Latin name of the plant. The discovery of this new species is significant because among the more than 25,000 known species of orchids, it is the first plant recorded to have the night-blooming flowers. Within the orchid family, its genus (Bulbophyllum) is spectacularly diverse with around 2,000 named species. The slender weird-looking flowers of Bulbophyllum nocturnumare slightly small and start to open at around 10 pm in the night but close inn the morning, lasting only about 12 hours. Only the single plant of this species has been found. It may be at risk of extinction due to habitat loss from logging practices in its native New Guinea.
6. Lofty Poppy
Credit: Paul Egan
This beautiful and vibrantly yellow colored poppy has remained unknown to the scientists until now. No doubt the reason behind this is the extreme environment where the flower is found at an altitude of 10,827 to 13,780 feet in the central Nepal. It is also evidence of the scarcity of botanists studying the Asian flora as specimens of Meconopsis autumnalis that had been collected two times before although not recognized as new. It was collected first in 1962 by the storied Himalayan plant hunter Adam Stainton and again in 1994 by the staff of the University of Tokyo’s Department of Plant Resources. This time the discovery of the poppy was made by intrepid botanists collecting plants miles from human habitation in heavy monsoon rains.
7. Walking Cactus
Credit: Jianni Liu
At first sight this new species looks more like a cactus than an animal. Diania cactiform is belongs to an extinct group referred as the armoured Lobopodia. Like the only living lobopodians (the Onychophora or velvet worms), the armoured lobopodians also had worm like bodies and multiple pairs of legs. This species is significant as it has segmented legs adding weight to the theory that arthropods (largest group of living animals including insects, crustacea and spiders) evolved from lobopodian ancestors. Stated another way, it looks as if this insect may share a more recent common ancestor with arthropods than with other lobopodians. D. cactiformis is about 6 cm long (2.4 inch) and was discovered in the famous Chengjiang deposit in south-west China in Cambrian deposits about 520 million years old. This ancient, spiny creature has been nicknamed as "walking cactus" since it may have used its bristly legs to capture prey.
8. Wandering Leg Sausage
Credit: G. Brovad
Commonly known as "wandering leg sausage", the Latin name of the species is Crurifarcimen vagans. This millipede is smaller in length as compared to Archispirostreptus gigas, the giant African millipede (38 cm/ 15 inch). This new species Crurifarcimen vagans holds a new record as the largest millipede (16 cm) in Tanzania’s Eastern Arc Mountains, one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The new genus name seems apt due to the fat; sausage-like shape of the millipede’s body which is about 1.5 cm in diameter with 56 more or less rings (body segments bearing ambulatory limbs). Each ring has two pairs of legs. This species is found in eastern and western Usambara Mountain forests at heights of 940 to 1800 meters in the decaying wood.
9. Lots 'O Limbs
Credit: G. Brovad
This new species of millipede is about 1.5 centimeter (0.6 inch) in diameter. It has 56 more or less podous rings, or body segments bearing ambulatory limbs. Each of the segments has two pairs of legs.
10. Funky Fungus
Credit: Thomas Bruns
This species has been named after the cartoon character Spongebob Squarepants, as it looks more like a sponge than a stereo typical mushroom. Its fruiting body can be squeezed actually like a sponge and bounce back to its normal size and shape. The sea sponge shaped, bright orange (sometimes purple) mushroom, lives in the rain forest of Sarawak, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. This unusual mushroom is the second species of the bolete fungus genus Spongiforma. Apart from having a shape that brings the cartoon character to mind, other similarities between the fungus and the cartoon personality have also been noted. The mushroom smells fruity and Spongebob also lives in a pineapple. The magnified texture of the mushroom resembles the tube sponges covering the seafloor where Spongebob lives. Also, the microscopic spores of the fungus appear sponge like.
11. Ants Beware!
Credit: C. van Achterberg
This new species of parasitic wasp sails at just a centimeter above the ground searching for its target. When the host is located (the ant Cataglyphis ibericus), this teensy wasp attacks from the air like a tiny dive bomber. It deposits an egg in the unsuspecting ant. The process lasts on average of just 0.052 seconds. This transforms the ants into rations for larvae of the parasite. When ants are aware of the raid of the wasps, they may turn with mandibles open to face the assaulter or wave away the wasps with their legs. This impressive oviposition or egg-laying behavior has been captured on a film.
12. Pink Beads
Credit: B. G. Borgonie, Ghent University, Belgium
These species look like glass beads. These were found where the nematodes, called Devil's worm were found living in the brownish colored bacterial biofilm.
Credit: Ned Deloach
The striking beauty of the Bonaire banded box jellyfish contradicts its venomous sting. It was discovered in the waters off the island of Bonaire in the Dutch Caribbean. Over 300 entries were submitted in an online competition to name this new species. Hundreds of votes were casted to select ‘ohboy’ tag as the winner. This name was suggested by Lisa Peck, a high school biology teacher as she presumed that people may exclaim “Oh Boy!” whenever they first encounter this amazing jelly. It is one of a small group of possibly 50 box-jellyfish species.
2. Sneezin’ in the Rain
Credit: Thomas Geissmann/Fauna & Flora International
This new primate came to the attention of scientists while they were conducting a gibbon survey in the high mountains of Myanmar. Rhinopithecus strykeri is the first snub-nosed monkey to be reported from Myanmar. Also, it is believed to be critically endangered. It has mostly black fur and a white beard. The animal sneezes when it rains, even though it tries to avoid the dripping rainwater in its turned up nose by sitting with its head tucked between the knees. In the interview, hunters and villagers told the survey team of scientists that this snub-nosed monkey could be find by waiting until it rained and listening of sneezes on the trees. The species, shown here is a Photoshop reconstruction based on a Yunnan snub-nosed monkey and a corpse of the newly discovered species.
3. Hellish Hot
Credit: A. G. Borgonie, Ghent University, Belgium
These tiny nematodes are the deepest terrestrial multi-cellular organisms on the Earth. They are just 0.02 inches (0.5 millimeters) in length. This species remarkably survives immense underground pressure as well as temperatures (37o C / 98.6o F). It was found in a South African gold mine, at a depth of 1.3 km (8/10 mile). As per the authors, carbon dating indicated that the borehole water where this species was found had not been in contact with the earth’s atmosphere for the last 4,000 to 6,000 years. Its discovery in deep sub-surface of the earth is also significant as it may have important insinuations for the discovery of life at similar subterranean depths on the other planets.
4. Blue Tarantula
Credit: Rogério Bertani/ Instituto Butantan
This blue tarantula is not only breathtakingly beautiful, but it is also the first new animal species from Brazil which made it to the Top 10. Brazil is one of the most biologically diverse nations on the planet. The country has consistently been a major source of species discoveries including much of the Amazon basin, Atlantic forest, the savanna ecoregion Cerrado and the hotspots of Brazil’s tropical Andes. Due to the loss of habitat and over-collecting for the pet trade, survival of this species can be at risk. This species has been named Pterinopelma sazimai. Although it is not the first blue tarantula, it is one of the most striking and may be especially susceptible because of its limited distribution in an “ecological island”.
5. Night Stalker
Credit: Jaap Vermeulen
Bulbophyllum nocturnumis the Latin name of the plant. The discovery of this new species is significant because among the more than 25,000 known species of orchids, it is the first plant recorded to have the night-blooming flowers. Within the orchid family, its genus (Bulbophyllum) is spectacularly diverse with around 2,000 named species. The slender weird-looking flowers of Bulbophyllum nocturnumare slightly small and start to open at around 10 pm in the night but close inn the morning, lasting only about 12 hours. Only the single plant of this species has been found. It may be at risk of extinction due to habitat loss from logging practices in its native New Guinea.
6. Lofty Poppy
Credit: Paul Egan
This beautiful and vibrantly yellow colored poppy has remained unknown to the scientists until now. No doubt the reason behind this is the extreme environment where the flower is found at an altitude of 10,827 to 13,780 feet in the central Nepal. It is also evidence of the scarcity of botanists studying the Asian flora as specimens of Meconopsis autumnalis that had been collected two times before although not recognized as new. It was collected first in 1962 by the storied Himalayan plant hunter Adam Stainton and again in 1994 by the staff of the University of Tokyo’s Department of Plant Resources. This time the discovery of the poppy was made by intrepid botanists collecting plants miles from human habitation in heavy monsoon rains.
7. Walking Cactus
Credit: Jianni Liu
At first sight this new species looks more like a cactus than an animal. Diania cactiform is belongs to an extinct group referred as the armoured Lobopodia. Like the only living lobopodians (the Onychophora or velvet worms), the armoured lobopodians also had worm like bodies and multiple pairs of legs. This species is significant as it has segmented legs adding weight to the theory that arthropods (largest group of living animals including insects, crustacea and spiders) evolved from lobopodian ancestors. Stated another way, it looks as if this insect may share a more recent common ancestor with arthropods than with other lobopodians. D. cactiformis is about 6 cm long (2.4 inch) and was discovered in the famous Chengjiang deposit in south-west China in Cambrian deposits about 520 million years old. This ancient, spiny creature has been nicknamed as "walking cactus" since it may have used its bristly legs to capture prey.
8. Wandering Leg Sausage
Credit: G. Brovad
Commonly known as "wandering leg sausage", the Latin name of the species is Crurifarcimen vagans. This millipede is smaller in length as compared to Archispirostreptus gigas, the giant African millipede (38 cm/ 15 inch). This new species Crurifarcimen vagans holds a new record as the largest millipede (16 cm) in Tanzania’s Eastern Arc Mountains, one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The new genus name seems apt due to the fat; sausage-like shape of the millipede’s body which is about 1.5 cm in diameter with 56 more or less rings (body segments bearing ambulatory limbs). Each ring has two pairs of legs. This species is found in eastern and western Usambara Mountain forests at heights of 940 to 1800 meters in the decaying wood.
9. Lots 'O Limbs
Credit: G. Brovad
This new species of millipede is about 1.5 centimeter (0.6 inch) in diameter. It has 56 more or less podous rings, or body segments bearing ambulatory limbs. Each of the segments has two pairs of legs.
10. Funky Fungus
Credit: Thomas Bruns
This species has been named after the cartoon character Spongebob Squarepants, as it looks more like a sponge than a stereo typical mushroom. Its fruiting body can be squeezed actually like a sponge and bounce back to its normal size and shape. The sea sponge shaped, bright orange (sometimes purple) mushroom, lives in the rain forest of Sarawak, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. This unusual mushroom is the second species of the bolete fungus genus Spongiforma. Apart from having a shape that brings the cartoon character to mind, other similarities between the fungus and the cartoon personality have also been noted. The mushroom smells fruity and Spongebob also lives in a pineapple. The magnified texture of the mushroom resembles the tube sponges covering the seafloor where Spongebob lives. Also, the microscopic spores of the fungus appear sponge like.
11. Ants Beware!
Credit: C. van Achterberg
This new species of parasitic wasp sails at just a centimeter above the ground searching for its target. When the host is located (the ant Cataglyphis ibericus), this teensy wasp attacks from the air like a tiny dive bomber. It deposits an egg in the unsuspecting ant. The process lasts on average of just 0.052 seconds. This transforms the ants into rations for larvae of the parasite. When ants are aware of the raid of the wasps, they may turn with mandibles open to face the assaulter or wave away the wasps with their legs. This impressive oviposition or egg-laying behavior has been captured on a film.
12. Pink Beads
Credit: B. G. Borgonie, Ghent University, Belgium
These species look like glass beads. These were found where the nematodes, called Devil's worm were found living in the brownish colored bacterial biofilm.
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